A Design Framework for Adaptive Interactive Space with Kinematic Spatial Components

Abstract

In contemporary interior environments, the co‐existence of diverse functions and heterogeneous user groups within a single physical setting has become increasingly prevalent, driving the need for real‐time spatial reconfiguration that accommodates users’ activities, temporal rhythms, and privacy requirements. Although emerging robotic technologies have opened new avenues for adaptive interactive design, there remains a paucity of quantitative and objective metrics to guide the kinematic and cognitive underpinnings of space–user interaction. To address this gap, we propose an integrated Human–Space Interaction (HSI) framework that systematically delineates the factors underpinning precise, bidirectional engagement between occupants and dynamically reconfigurable architectures. Drawing upon a comprehensive review of prior studies that examine users’ responses to active spatial transformations, we classify relevant variables under three principal domains: Space, Human, and Kinematics. They are organized according to three interaction typologies: (1) user‐driven spatial change, (2) impact of dynamic spatial elements on users, and (3) influence of static spatial attributes on initial user behavior and state. This framework reveals a cyclical relationship among users’ physiological and behavioral states, and spatial dynamics. To validate the framework’s applicability, we developed a prototype environment and accompanying scenario in which movable partitions responded in real time to user gestures and task demands; empirical evaluation demonstrated enhanced usability and user acceptance. Our contributions include (a) a theoretically grounded framework of HSI variables, (b) design guidelines for the development of user‐centric interactive spaces, and (c) empirical evidence supporting the framework’s efficacy.