Integrating Building Simulation Identity Card and Dynamic Data Modelling for Non-Structural Components within a BIM-based Digital Twin Framework for Enhanced Emergency Evacuation in Complex Buildings

Abstract

This paper introduces a dynamic, BIM-integrated Digital Twin (DT) framework tailored for the real-time simulation and management of non-structural components in complex buildings. Non-structural systems—such as electrical, mechanical, HVAC, and auxiliary installations—play a pivotal role in ensuring operational continuity and occupant safety, particularly during emergencies. Despite their criticality, these systems are often underrepresented in building simulations and asset management strategies. The proposed framework addresses this gap by leveraging Building Information Modelling (BIM) as a central, data-rich environment, with Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) employed to facilitate standardised, cross-domain data exchange.

The methodology enables a bi-directional, iterative exchange of data between the BIM environment and simulation units, using Building Simulation Identity Cards (BSIC) to standardise simulation parameters, data requirements, and system attributes. This approach enables seamless data exchange and cross-domain integration for non-structural system simulations. Each simulation not only extracts domain-specific data but also feeds updated results back into the BIM model. This continuous feedback loop maintains model currency and analytical fidelity, allowing for adaptive, real-time system behaviour modelling.

This paper presents the implementation of this framework in a case study involving seismic vulnerability assessment of non-structural systems in a multi-story building. Results indicate significant improvements in simulation synchronisation, failure point localization, and system-level decision-making.